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Journal of Microbiology and... Jan 2023Probiotic supplements have promising therapeutic effects on chronic diseases. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-obesity effects of two potential probiotics,...
Probiotic supplements have promising therapeutic effects on chronic diseases. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-obesity effects of two potential probiotics, DS0908 (DS0908) and DS0950 (DS0950). Treatment with DS0908 and DS0950 postbiotics significantly induced the expression of the brown adipocyte-specific markers UCP1, PPARγ, PGC1α, PRDM16 and beige adipocyte-specific markers CD137, FGF21, P2RX5, and COX2 in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, both potential probiotics and postbiotics noticeably reduced body weight and epididymal fat accumulation without affecting food intake. DS0908 and DS0950 also improved insulin sensitivity and glucose use in mice with HFD-induced obesity. In addition, DS0908 and DS0950 improved the plasma lipid profile, proved by reduced triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol levels. Furthermore, DS0908 and DS0950 improved mitochondrial respiratory function, confirmed by the high expression of oxidative phosphorylation proteins, during thermogenesis induction in the visceral and epididymal fat in mice with HFD-induced obesity. Notably, the physiological and metabolic changes were more significant after treatment with potential probiotic culture-supernatants than those with the bacterial pellet. Finally, gene knockdown and co-treatment with inhibitor-mediated mechanistic analyses showed that both DS0908 and DS0950 exerted anti-obesity-related effects via the PKA/p38 MAPK signaling activation in C3H10T1/2 MSCs. Our observations suggest that DS0908 and DS0950 could potentially alleviate obesity as dietary supplements.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Bifidobacterium longum; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Diet, High-Fat; Obesity; Body Weight; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 36457182
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2210.10046 -
Biomedicines Dec 2021The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to intestinal microbiota disturbance, and probiotics has become a new strategy to assist...
The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to intestinal microbiota disturbance, and probiotics has become a new strategy to assist in alleviating NAFLD. In order to investigate the effect of on NAFLD and the possible pathway, a NAFLD model was established by using a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks. Fourteen strains of were selected (seven and seven ) for intervention. The effects of different bifidobacteria on NAFLD were evaluated from liver cell injury, liver fat deposition, liver inflammatory state and liver histopathology, and were taken as entry points to explore the mitigation approaches of bifidobacteria through energy intake, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and intestinal permeability. The results showed that exerts species-specific effects on NAFLD. exerted these effects mainly through regulating the intestinal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of and , decreasing the relative abundance of , , , and , and further increasing the contents of propionic acid and butyric acid, regulating lipid metabolism and intestinal permeability, and ultimately inhibiting liver inflammation and fat accumulation to alleviate NAFLD. exerted its effects mainly through changing the intestinal microbiota, increasing the content of propionic acid, regulating lipid metabolism and ultimately inhibiting liver inflammation to alleviate NAFLD.
PubMed: 35052765
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010084 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2021Recent evidence indicates that gut microbiota could interact with the central nervous system and affect brain function, including cognition and memory. In this study, we...
Recent evidence indicates that gut microbiota could interact with the central nervous system and affect brain function, including cognition and memory. In this study, we investigated whether BGN4 ( BGN4) BORI ( BORI) alleviated the pathological features in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Administration of BGN4 and BORI effectively suppressed amyloidosis and apoptotic processes and improved synaptic plasticity by ameliorating the neuroinflammatory response and BDNF expression. Moreover, behavioral tests indicated that BGN4 and BORI attenuated the cognitive and memory disability of AD mice. Taken together, the present study highlights the therapeutic potential of BGN4 and BORI for suppressing the pathological features of AD.
PubMed: 34421576
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.709091 -
MSystems Oct 2022Bifidobacterium longum subsp. is a prevalent beneficial bacterium that colonizes the human neonatal gut and is uniquely adapted to efficiently use human milk...
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. is a prevalent beneficial bacterium that colonizes the human neonatal gut and is uniquely adapted to efficiently use human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) as a carbon and energy source. Multiple studies have focused on characterizing the elements of HMO utilization machinery in B. longum subsp. ; however, the regulatory mechanisms governing the expression of these catabolic pathways remain poorly understood. A bioinformatic regulon reconstruction approach used in this study implicated NagR, a transcription factor from the ROK family, as a negative global regulator of gene clusters encoding lacto--biose/galacto--biose (LNB/GNB), lacto--tetraose (LNT), and lacto--neotetraose (LNnT) utilization pathways in B. longum subsp. This conjecture was corroborated by transcriptome profiling upon genetic inactivation and experimental assessment of binding of recombinant NagR to predicted DNA operators. The latter approach also implicated acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a universal intermediate of LNT and LNnT catabolism, and its phosphorylated derivatives as plausible NagR transcriptional effectors. Reconstruction of NagR regulons in various lineages revealed multiple potential regulon expansion events, suggesting evolution from a local regulator of GlcNAc catabolism in ancestral bifidobacteria to a global regulator controlling the utilization of mixtures of GlcNAc-containing host glycans in B. longum subsp. and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The predominance of bifidobacteria in the gut of breastfed infants is attributed to the ability of these bacteria to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Thus, individual HMOs such as lacto--tetraose (LNT) and lacto--neotetraose (LNnT) are considered promising prebiotics that would stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and confer multiple health benefits to preterm and malnourished children suffering from impaired (stunted) gut microbiota development. However, the rational selection of HMO-based prebiotics is hampered by the incomplete knowledge of regulatory mechanisms governing HMO utilization in target bifidobacteria. This study describes NagR-mediated transcriptional regulation of LNT and LNnT utilization in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. . The elucidated regulatory network appears optimally adapted to simultaneous utilization of multiple HMOs, providing a rationale to add HMO mixtures (rather than individual components) to infant formulas. The study also provides insights into the evolutionary trajectories of complex regulatory networks controlling carbohydrate metabolism in bifidobacteria.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Female; Child; Humans; Bifidobacterium; Milk, Human; Prebiotics; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis
PubMed: 36094076
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00343-22 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Sep 2021BGN4 has been shown to improve the immune system by regulating interleukin (IL)-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In this study, the dead cells of BGN4 were produced by...
BGN4 has been shown to improve the immune system by regulating interleukin (IL)-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In this study, the dead cells of BGN4 were produced by enzymatic and physical processing to enhance the inhibition properties of pro-inflammatory cytokines using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Notably, the secretion levels of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were decreased by the cell-wall disrupted extracts compared to heat-killed cells. The result suggests that the exposed interior-surface of BGN4 has a potential ability to regulate the immune-responses in the gastrointestinal tract due to major substances in inside-cell wall such as peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In conclusion, the lysed and disrupted cells from the inside out of BGN4 have anti-inflammatory properties as paraprobiotic agents to control chronic inflammatory related-diseases.
PubMed: 34466089
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.028 -
Microorganisms Nov 2019Bifidobacteria typically represent the most abundant bacteria of the human gut microbiota in healthy breast-fed infants. Members of the species constitute one of the... (Review)
Review
Bifidobacteria typically represent the most abundant bacteria of the human gut microbiota in healthy breast-fed infants. Members of the species constitute one of the dominant taxa amongst these bifidobacterial communities and have been shown to display notable physiological and genetic features encompassing adhesion to epithelia as well as metabolism of host-derived glycans. In the current review, we discuss current knowledge concerning particular biological characteristics of the species that support its specific adaptation to the human gut and their implications in terms of supporting host health.
PubMed: 31717486
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110544 -
Medicine Oct 2022Two formulations were developed in the form of an oral sachet containing probiotics, and their efficacy and safety were evaluated in adults with functional constipation. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Two formulations were developed in the form of an oral sachet containing probiotics, and their efficacy and safety were evaluated in adults with functional constipation.
METHODS
One formulation with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (3 billion Colony Forming Units - CFU); and another with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium animallis (8 billion CFU). The participants were randomized in a 3-arm parallel study and one oral sachet was auto-administered once a day for 30 days.
RESULTS
Primary outcomes were improvement in increasing the frequency of weekly bowel movements and improvement in stool quality. Secondary outcomes were number of adverse events. In the first week one observed an increase in stool frequency and in the quality of stools, showing an improvement in constipation. No statistically significant differences were observed between the three treatment groups in relation to these outcomes (P ≥ .05). Only one adverse event was observed in a patient of group 2, related to abdominal pain.
CONCLUSION
The two probiotic cocktails were effective in improving the symptoms of functional constipation, by increasing both the weekly frequency of evacuation and stool quality, and were deemed safe. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT04437147.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Constipation; Probiotics; Bifidobacterium; Defecation; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 36316826
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031185 -
Genetic-Phenotype Analysis of and Its Glycoside Hydrolase Gene Distribution at Different Age Groups.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Human gut microbiota interfere with host development and aging. is a microbial genus found in the human digestive tract that has probiotic activities such as improving...
Human gut microbiota interfere with host development and aging. is a microbial genus found in the human digestive tract that has probiotic activities such as improving constipation and enhancing immunity. The species and numbers present change with age, but there has been limited research on probiotic gut microbiota at specific ages. This study analyzed the distribution of 610 bifidobacteria in subjects in several age groups (0-17, 18-65, and 66-108 y) using 486 fecal samples and determined the distribution of glycoside hydrolases based on genetic analysis of strains representing 85% of the species abundance in each age group. 6'-Sialyllactose is a major component of acidic breast milk oligosaccharides, which can promote human neurogenesis and bifidobacteria growth. Using genotypic and phenotypic association analysis, we investigated the utilization of 6'-sialyllactose by six strains isolated from subjects 0-17 and 18-65 y. A comparative genomic analysis of the six strains revealed differences in genomic features across age groups. Finally, the safety of these strains was evaluated by antibiotic gene and drug resistance phenotype analysis. Our results reveal that the distribution of glycoside hydrolase genes in varies with age, thus affecting the phenotypic results. This provides important insights for the design and application of probiotic products for different ages.
PubMed: 36900439
DOI: 10.3390/foods12050922 -
Nutrients Feb 2023(PG) is closely involved in the outbreak of periodontitis and cognitive impairment (CI). Herein, we examined the effects of anti-inflammatory NK357 and NK391 on PG-...
(PG) is closely involved in the outbreak of periodontitis and cognitive impairment (CI). Herein, we examined the effects of anti-inflammatory NK357 and NK391 on PG- or its extracellular vesicles (pEVs)-induced periodontitis and CI in mice. Oral administration of NK357 or NK391 significantly decreased PG-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, receptor activator of nuclear factors κB (RANK), and RANK ligand (RANKL) expression, gingipain (GP)lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and NF-κBCD11c populations, and PG 16S rDNA level in the periodontal tissue. Their treatments also suppressed PG-induced CI -like behaviors, TNF-α expression and NF-κB-positive immune cells in the hippocampus and colon, while PG-suppressed hippocampal BDNF and -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) expression increased. The combination of NK357 and NK391 additively alleviated PG- or pEVs-induced periodontitis, neuroinflammation, CI-like behaviors, colitis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased PG- or pEVs-suppressed BDNF and NMDAR expression in the hippocampus. In conclusion, NK357 and NK391 may alleviate periodontitis and dementia by regulating NF-κB, RANKL/RANK, and BDNF-NMDAR signaling and gut microbiota.
Topics: Mice; Animals; NF-kappa B; Lactobacillus pentosus; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Periodontitis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Cognitive Dysfunction; Extracellular Vesicles; Lipopolysaccharides
PubMed: 36904068
DOI: 10.3390/nu15051068 -
Genes Sep 2021The potential probiotic benefits of have received increasing attention recently. We used comparative genomic analysis to explore the differences in the genome and the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The potential probiotic benefits of have received increasing attention recently. We used comparative genomic analysis to explore the differences in the genome and the physiological characteristics of isolated from the fecal samples of Chinese adults and infants. The relationships between genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed to assess the effects of isolation sources on the genetic variation of . The phylogenetic tree results indicated that the phylogeny of may be related to the geographical features of its isolation source. was found to have an open pan-genome and a conserved core genome. The genetic diversity of is mainly reflected in carbohydrate metabolism- and immune/competition-related factors, such as the glycoside hydrolase gene family, bacteriocin operons, antibiotic resistance genes, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas. Additionally, the type III A CRISPR-Cas system was discovered in for the first time. strains exhibited niche-specific characteristics, and the results of this study provide an improved understanding of the genetics of this species.
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Feces; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 34680899
DOI: 10.3390/genes12101504